Comparing Book 9 And Book 24 Of Homer s Iliad - 951 Words

In this paper I will attempt to compare and contrast book 9 and book 24 of Homer’s Iliad, which touch upon similar issues, themes and characters, but often with a different intention and result. In particular, both books begin with a time of sorrow and feature examples of supplication and reconciliation, but in book 24 the mood gradually changes, while book 9 ends very much on the same note as it begun. Naturally, as the very first line of the Iliad states â€Å" Sing, goddess, the anger of the Peleus’ son Achilleus† (Iliad 1.1), the issue of Achilleus’s anger and his conflict with Agamemnon is central in both books and Iliad as a whole. In book 9 Achilleus is still very much consumed with his anger and not ready to let it go, even after Agamemnon recognizes his part in the conflict - â€Å"I was mad, I myself will not deny it† (Iliad 9.116) and sends an embassy to Achilleus in an attempt to honor him with great gift and reconcile, nor is he moved by the speech of Phoinix. In contrast, book 24 also starts with Achilleus’s anger, as Achilleus drags Hektor’s dead body across the tomb of his fallen companion Patroklos, but his anger subsides as Priam comes to his camp, supplicates him and evokes the thoughts of Achilleus’s own father, which causes Achilleus to think of how he would mourn him when his own death comes. This difference betw een book 9 and book 24 is very important in regards to the development of Achileus’s character. In book 9, his inability to see past hisShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Memory : Importance Of Memory1960 Words   |  8 PagesThe Importance of Memory Memory plays a significant role in a person s everyday life. Actions and emotions are based on the memories that are stored in a person s head. People then act in certain ways because of the thoughts that run around within their brains. These thoughts are born from the memories of past experiences and a person can recognize the emotions they felt when they were in a certain situation. Without these memoires, people would not know how to react under certain circumstances

Difference Between Total Quality Management - 896 Words

Table I shows a summary of the various approaches and some of their key characteristics. Despite some differences between Total Quality Management (TQM), the Theory Of Constraints (TOC), Six Sigma and Lean the desired outcome of each methodology is ultimately customer focused. TQM, and Lean trace their origins to the quality evolution in Japan shortly after the Second World War though the concepts within each have developed differently. Many TQM concepts and tools have become integral parts Lean methodology, but they differ in their primary focus. While six sigma is often viewed as a direct descendant of TQM it brings a more disciplined approach to process improvement, organizational structure and focus. TOC was introduced to overcome the perceived shortcomings of both Lean and TQM. Both were thought to lack focus on the throughput of a product that was considered to provide a greater benefit in terms of improving an organization’s financial performance. Total Quality Management (TQM) Theory of Constraints (TOC) Six Sigma LEAN Goal †¢ Improve Quality defined as meeting or exceeding customer expectations †¢ Maximize throughput by managing constraints †¢ Reduce or remove the primary source of Variation †¢ Deliver value to the customer through waste elimination Focus Quality focused System constraints Problem focused Flow focused Core Concepts †¢ Understand and fulfill customer expectations †¢ Concentrate on process management to reduce sources of variation †¢ Focus onShow MoreRelatedAn Introduction to Total Quality Management1250 Words   |  5 PagesExpress’ is synonymous with quality. It is recognized that the Federal Express Company a world leader in transportation area and information field. Federal Express can deliver packages overnight to almost anywhere in the world. Simultaneously, people can track packages at any time so that they can know where their goods are. (Neff Citrin, 2001) As the good quality and services Federal Express provided, people like it, trust it and make it universally. Thus, a distinctive quality is vital to every organizationRead MoreThe Role of TQM1626 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿What is the relationship between Total Quality Management (TQM) and Continuous Improvement (CI)? Discuss the roles of Quality Assurance and Quality Control and their relative importance in demonstrating this relationship? What is the role of quality role in the development of an E-Commerce capability? Total Quality Management (TQM) is focus on the quality of the products or services. TQM expands beyond statistical process control to embrace a wider scope of management activities of how we manageRead MoreQuality Of Work Life Among Female Employees1542 Words   |  7 PagesQUALITY OF WORK LIFE AMONG FEMALE EMPLOYEES IN PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE CITY ABSTRACT: Quality of work life is the measure to which individuals are able to satisfy their important personal needs while in work by the bank. Quality of work life refers to the level of happiness or dissatisfaction with one s work. It describes a person’s or group’s standard of living environment, public health, safety and general atmosphere while quality of work lifeRead MoreQuality And Total Quality Management1662 Words   |  7 PagesQuality is defined by meeting customers needs. Total quality management in the company through continuous improvement of the quality of its products, services and people. (Goetsch, 2010) Quality and total quality management, the main difference is that perception and activities. (Goetsch, 2010) Here are two of the main elements of the total amount as follows: 1) Education and training: all must be trained and the staff of the organization and educated so that they work hard to do a smart job.Read MoreEngineering Educational Institutes in India1545 Words   |  6 Pagesthe issue of quality in higher education is strongly felt when the students are seen struggling in the global workforce market. According to a latest NASSCOM report the the four major challenges which exist today include employability, infrastructure, favourable policies and competition from other low cost countries. 26% of employable engineers in technology services continues to be a major bottleneck. â€Å"There is a strong correlation between a country’s competitiveness and the quality of higher educationRead MoreForecasting Management Philosophy Life Cycles959 Words   |  4 PagesForecasting Management Philosophy Life Cycles A Comparative Study of Six Sigma and TQM This paper emphasizes on Management fads and their life cycles, precisely Total Quality Management (TQM) and Six Sigma. Management fad typifies a change in management philosophy followed by the organizations. As long as management fads create a positive incremental impingement on the organization they are acceptable. The author juxtaposes Total Quality Management (TQM), Quality circles and Six sigma with differentRead MoreQuality Management in Current Business Management and Issues1317 Words   |  5 PagesQuality Management in Current Business Management Issues Objective The objective of this study is to examine quality management in business and to apply contemporary theory. Introduction The U.S. Small Business Administration reports that effective management is the key to the establishment and growth of the business and states as well that the key to successful management is examination of the marketplace environment and create employment and profit opportunities that provide the potentialRead MoreProduction and Operations Management1511 Words   |  7 PagesBBA – 305 PRODUCTION OPERATION MANAGEMENT Model Questions based on Previous years Question Papers UNIT – I Qs. 1 : Explain the importance of Production Operation Management in current scenario. Why it has become an integral part of Business Education ? State with examples. [BBA-IP: Dec. 2011] Qs. 2 : Operation Management is becoming a very important subject in Business Education in the last fewRead MoreThe Importance Of Patient Care And Quality Care885 Words   |  4 Pagespatient care and quality care is essential for an organization to remain in business. It is often understood that quality over quantity is indispensable and imperative for an organization to succeed. In most cases, costs are not the determining factor and should be of concern when it comes to patient safety and quality care. Therefore, the measurement of the quality care is more valuable than state-of-art facilities, costs, and specialized fields of medicine. Quality Measures The quality of care canRead MoreQuestions on Operations Management1661 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Chapter 1: Introduction to Operations Management Overview This chapter provides a definition of operations management. The role and importance of operations in an organization are described, along with operations decisions that are made. The differences between manufacturing and services are described. The history and current trends of operations management are discussed, including the impact of information systems. Finally, the interaction between operations and other business functions

The Impact of Colonialism Free Essays

It is almost a given now that most everyone considers colonialism as a mistake. They thought that the spreading of ideas, culture, and religion would have a positive effect on the native cultures they colonized. In fact though, these changes had an adverse effect on the peoples of these countries. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Colonialism or any similar topic only for you Order Now For although many laud the efforts of these countries to spread Christianity, some question the motives of these countries in dealing the everyday needs of these people. In seeing the natives as inferior the mother countries were able to justify their treatment of them. At this time many subscribed to the belief of manifest destiny and social Darwinism. This is the belief in which the colonizing of other countries is justified by the belief that if God hadn†t wanted these people to be colonized He wouldn†t have let it happen, or would have provided the colonized with the same technology which would make an invasion impossible. Another item that has caused a lot of strife within the lives of the natives is in the area of education. For many natives the history of their country before colonization is very foggy. They have been schooled from day one on the histories of their European conquerors, but seldom is the history of the native cultural even discussed let alone taught. This reminds me of the point made in Jamaica Kincaid†s novel â€Å"A Small Place† in which she comments about getting a day off of school for Queen Victoria†s birthday. In the book Kincaid states that most of the people on the island of Antigua don†t even realize why they have been given a holiday. This type of confusion is typical in dealing with the relationship between colony and colonizer. It is however easy to sympathize with the colonizing country because they are teaching the only thing they know. They can†t teach about the native culture because they have no clue of the history. In fact probably the best method would have been to leave the history part of education in the hands of the natives. In other subjects, such as math, the colonizing may then be able to add insights that may not have been apparent to the natives. But as for the history of the country, there is nothing that a colonizing country can tell a native culture that wasn†t already known. As Jamaica Kincaid implies in her book, if there is one thing that was sorely missed after the English left Antigua it is the fact that for the first time in Antigua there were quality built, well organized places to learn. As kincaid explains in the book, the beautiful library built by the British has since been demolished. And although the renovations for a new one were supposed to end years ago it hasn†t worked out that way. The library has now been moved to a tiny apartment above a grocery store. Where once these books had been categorically stacked on shelves, they were now gathering dust, strewn across the floor and randomly inserted into cardboard boxes. This demise of education in Antigua says only one thing to me, that being that the emphasis of the government is in the wrong place. It is true that Antigua has had their problems with a corrupt government that is more interested in padding their pockets with foreign money than doing anything to improve the state of education. For what does it mean when you have a Minister of Education, possibly that you have no education? Often in looking for the hard-hitting effects of colonialism, the biggest effects are often missed. While pondering the effects of religion, commerce, and education, sometimes the effect of prejudice is left forgotten. We must realize that these are human beings that, in some cases, have just recently gained independence from their mother country. The problem with one country capturing another is the fact that the capturing country now thinks they are in some way superior to the country they have defeated. There is an air of inequality in these situations. One country is taught to feel as if their people are inferior and are therefore subject to obey the laws and rules set down by the ruling peoples. The obvious problem that arises from this position is the fact that there is now a proud native people that have been reduced to feeling as though they are less than the Europeans who have colonized them. This in turn creates a ripple effect that infects the future generations that also feel as though they are inferior. Hopefully eventually this lengthy chain ends, and a few are able to see beyond the situation being presented directly in their face. They are able to see that the prejudice is simply one country trying to keep another subservient to their wishes. And are in turn able to avoid the pit to which every other native has fallen victim to. These are sometimes the leaders that are able to lead their countries out of colonialism and into independence. Then again these leaders sometimes end up being as ruthless, or worse, than the colonizing country. This is where Kincaid†s comment from her book must be looked at a little more closely. She states that it is unfair to harshly judge the job of ruling that the Antiguans did after independence. Her point is that if corrupt ruling is all that you have ever witnessed, one can†t be expected to know how to suddenly run a successful country. For in many of these countries they are neck deep in problems with no end in sight. Yes, they were given their independence by the mother country, but in most cases the natives were left high and dry by the mother country financially. In conclusion, it is unfortunate that our world has been marred by the practice of colonialism. And even more unfortunate that so many countries in the world subscribed that same practice. It is hard to argue that we as a people have matured all that much since the days of colonialism. But if we as humans are able to avoid this terrible practice we are taking a step in the right direction. How to cite The Impact of Colonialism, Papers

Alices Journey to Find Her Identity Essay Example For Students

Alices Journey to Find Her Identity Essay Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a story of a young girl’s journey down the rabbit hole into a fantasy world where there seems to be no logic. Throughout Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Alice experiences a variety of bizarre physical changes, causing her to realize she is not only trying to figure out Wonderland but also trying to determine her own identity. After Alice arrives in Wonderland the narrator states, â€Å"For this curious child was very fond of pretending to be two people† (Lewis Carroll, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland 12). This quotation is the first instance that shows Alice is unsure of her identity. The changes in size that take place when she eats or drinks are the physical signs of her loss of identity. The question of why Alice is unsure of her identity relates to Alice’s developing stage from childhood to adulthood. Carroll explains Alices confusion about her own identity and her position between childhood and adulthood by contrasting her logical with the inhabitants of Wonderland. After Alice had drank from the bottle, causing her to shrink to only ten inches tall, and eaten the cake, causing her to grow to more that nine feet tall she said to herself, â€Å"Dear, dear! How queer everything is to-day! And yesterday things went on just as usual. I wonder if I’ve been changed in the night? Let me think: was I the same when I got up this morning? I almost think I can remember feeling a little different. But if I’m not the same, the next question is, Who in the world am I? Ah, That’s the greatest puzzle! † (Alice 14). It is at this point that Alice realizes it is not just Wonderland that she is trying to figure out but also her identity in a world that challenges her perspective of herself. As she continues on her journey through Wonderland she has several encounters with characters that question her identity such as, the White Rabbit, who mistakes her for his servant Mary Ann, the Caterpillar, who asks her the question ‘Who are you? ’, the Pigeon, who calls her a serpent, and the Gryphon, in which she tells him I could tell you my adventures -beginning from this morning but its no use going back to yesterday, because I was a different person then (Alice 76). However, as she progress through Wonderland she slowly gains a greater sense of herself and eventually overthrows the Queen of Heart’s cruel court. Alice’s confusion about her identity is related to her developing sense of the difference between childhood and adulthood. In Wonderland she is surrounded by adult figures that have authority such as the Duchess, the Queen, and the King. Even the animals she meets treat her like an adult might treat a small child. For instances, the White Rabbit and the Caterpillar order her around and the Mad Hatter, the March Hare, and the Dormouse are all rude to her. They break the rules of politeness and logic that adults have taught Alice. In order to understand the adult world, Alice has to overcome the open-mindedness that is characteristic for children. It is not until Alice stops trying to logically understand the characters in Wonderland and rejects their world that she comes of age. In the end Alice has adapted and lost her imagination that comes with childhood. She realizes the characters in Wonderland are nothing but a pack of cards (Alice 91). At this point, she has matured too much to stay in Wonderland, the world of the children, and wakes up into the real world, the world of adults. .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510 , .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510 .postImageUrl , .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510 , .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510:hover , .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510:visited , .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510:active { border:0!important; } .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510:active , .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510 .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4009808a760190dbe3b61f2352551510:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Single Sex Education? EssayAlice’s confusion about her identity and her developing sense of the difference between childhood and adulthood is explained by contrasting her logic with the characters in Wonderland. According to Alice everything about Wonderland is absurd. From the moment she sees the White Rabbit taking his watch from his waistcoat pocket, Alice tries to understand the logic of Wonderland. None of the rules that she has been taught seem to apply in Wonderland. The characters in Wonderland have no sense of manners and respond to her questions with answers that make no sense. For example, the Mad Hatter asks the questions, â€Å"Why is a raven like a writing desk? † (Alice 51). Alice assumes he is asking a riddle and she begins to try to answer it, thinking the Hatter would not ask a riddle without knowing the answer. When Alice is unable to figure out the riddle, the Hatter explains that there is no answer. He does not explain why he asked the riddle, he simply says, â€Å"I haven’t the slightest idea† (Alice 53). In which Alice replies, â€Å"I think you might do something better with the time, than waste it in asking riddles that have no answers† (Alice 53). The Hatter then responds with a lecture on Time, which he depicts as a person. Time being depicted as a person makes no logical sense to Alice. In the end, Alice rebels during the trial scene when the King said â€Å"Rule Forty-two. All persons more than a mile high to leave the court† (Alice 88). Alice objects to the absurd nature of the trial saying, â€Å"Who cares for you? You’re nothing but a pack of cards! † (Alice 91). This final scene is the end of her dream, and she wakes up with her head in her sister’s lap. During Alice’s journey through Wonderland she matured from childhood to adulthood while also finding her true identity. The physical changes that she experienced show both her struggle with figuring out her who she is and her developing stage from childhood to adulthood. Her encounters with the characters of Wonderland frustrated her in the moment but in the end it is what she learned from them that caused her to mature to an adult. Many people might believe Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a children’s story, but in fact it is much more than a children’s story. It has many morals and lessons within it.

The University of Virginia 2017-2018 Supplemental Essay Prompts Examples

University of Virginia is one of the most popular and respected public universities in the US, so much so it’s considered as one of the Public Ivy League Universities. Located in Charlottesville, University of Virginia is a highly competitive university in the US, especially for students interested in studying Engineering and Business. Home to almost 17,000 undergraduate students, UVA has a large suburban campus that offers students access to research and additional resources. If UVA is on your list of colleges, you’ll have 2 additional supplemental essays to write for your application. One of the supplemental essays is essentially the â€Å"Why UVA?† essay, and it is specific to the college in UVA you’ll be applying to. Supplemental Essay 1:All prospective students are asked to answer in approximately 250 words one of a series of questions corresponding to the school/program to which they are applying: College of Arts and Sciences: What work of art, music, science, mathematics, or literature has surprised, unsettled, or challenged you, and in what way?School of Engineering and Applied Sciences: If you were given funding for a small engineering project that would make everyday life better for one friend or family member, what would you design?Curry School of Education - Kinesiology Program: Discuss experiences that led you to choose the kinesiology major.School of Nursing: School of Nursing applicants may have experience shadowing, volunteering, or working in a healthcare environment. Tell us about a healthcare-related experience or another significant interaction that deepened your interest in studying Nursing.School of Architecture: Describe an instance or place where you have been inspired by architecture or design. Supplemental Essay 2: Additionally, all applications are required to pick one of the following essay prompts and write an additional supplemental essay. (Half a page, or roughly 250 words) What’s your favorite word and why?We are a community with quirks, both in language and in traditions. Describe one of your quirks and why it is part of who you are.Student self-governance, which encourages student investment and initiative, is a hallmark of the UVA culture. In her fourth year at UVA, Laura Nelson was inspired to create Flash Seminars, one-time classes which facilitate high-energy discussion about thought-provoking topics outside of traditional coursework. If you created a Flash Seminar, what idea would you explore and why?UVA students paint messages on Beta Bridge when they want to share information with our community. What would you paint on Beta Bridge and why is this your message?Successful Essay Examples: Need some essay inspiration? Weve curated a package of University of Virginia student profiles. The package includes students who applied to the College of Arts of Sciences, the Engineering School, and even for the Kinesiology Program. Additionally, each profile also selected to write on different essay prompts for the second supplemental essay. Want more access? Ourpremium plansoffer different level of profile access and data insights that can help you get into your dream school. Unlock any of ourpackagesor search ourundergraduate profile databaseto find specific profiles that can help you make an informed choice about where to apply!

Relationship between Christians and Jews

Relationship between Christians and Jews In Europe, especially Germany there was a certain separateness of language and culture between Christian Europeans and the Jews. Though, this was noticed during the time of emerging heresy (new faith) in Europe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship between Christians and Jews specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, Christianity was declared the official religion of the Roman Empire in the fourth century, but surprisingly Judaism was singled out as one of the rival religions to be protected by the church when the Roman Empire crumbled in the then Western Europe. Accordingly well-organized governance and order also crumbled with it, which brought about the medieval ages (Dark ages). However, St. Paul’s doctrine remained and was basically an admonishment of some of the mosaic laws. In line with this, it made the Jews view Christianity as blasphemy against God and their faith (Birnbaum 107). Additio nally, the papal institutions that came into being after the fall of the Roman Empire led to the accusations of Jewry blasphemy against the church (Christian faith) on the basis that the Jews had inflicted torture and murdered the Messiah under the sign of the cross. Furthermore, the papal church began an inquisition and direct punishment of heresy in the Kingdom of France under the director of the cathedral school in Mainz Conrad of Marburg. The papal church considered the interethnic coexistence between the Jews and Arabs with hostilities. However, the Christians in northern Europe were still divided and did not accept Jewry in their social order as did the Arab society. Generally the view of Christians towards Jews has been their interpretation about the role of the Jews in the life and death of Jesus Christ and their accusation of the Jews as the murderers of Christ. In modern times very few people in Europe still hold these convictions. Nevertheless, modern study and psychology has brought about the feeling that, though the ancients Jews were guilty of Christ’s death. The Jews still had very close ties which united them with Christ, since they the Jews were of the same race with Christ, and witnessed of his death and resurrection. The modern Christians in Europe and elsewhere has since come to realise that, â€Å"Christ became the redeemer only because he was crucified† thus, holding the Jews responsible for the crime from which the Christians reap moral and psychological belief.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conditions that brought about the persecution of the Jews in the High Middle ages. A common view that led to the persecution of the Jews in the High middle ages is because of the ecclesiastical pressure to Christendom of Jews, and rulers eventually bowed to ecclesiastical demands. In England, the King alone profited, the nobility believed that Jews posed a constant threat, hence, the nobility pressed for expulsion, just as it sought to destroy the Jews of York in 1191, Seeing in the Jews the Kings hated financial agents (Levy 21). Why persecution is not possible today In the modern era the holy book (Bible) has become something that both unites and separates Jews and Christians. Additionally, in the 19th century a body of Jewish Christians was formed in England by Rabinowitz. Though, it caused great controversy, but it was still supported by some Jewish Christian leaders. However it grew significantly into the twentieth century and spread to other parts of the world. To understand the relationship between the Christians and Jews, there must be an appreciation of both of them, in that, without the Jews Christianity would not have existed. (Frojmovic 34). There must be dissemination of knowledge on the issue of Judaism not being evil or linked with the death of Christ. Though, modern theology and doctrine has striven to tackle the problem and thus building of the relationship between the Jews and Christians which necessitated the calmness and peace they both share. Moreover, there is impressive unification between the Christians and Jewish. Additionally, the Jews in Europe are now accepted and recognised since the creation of Israel. Though many migrated to the newly founded country, while many opted to remain in Europe and keep their citizenships. With these remarkable events it would be quite difficult for anti-Semitism to show its ugly face in Europe due to the modern political and socio-economic order which have been put in place.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship between Christians and Jews specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Birnbaum, Salomo A. Yiddish: a survey and a grammar. Manchester: Manchester University Press ND, 1979. Frojmovic, Eva. Imagining the self, imagining the other: visual repr esentation and Jewish-Christian dynamics in the Middle Ages and early modern period. Laiden, The Netherland: BRILL, 2002. Levy, Richard S. Antisemitism: a historical encyclopedia of prejudice and persecution, Volume 2. Santa Barbra, California: ABC-CLIO, 2005.

The effectiveness of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in the treatment of Literature review

The effectiveness of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in the treatment of Bulimia Nervosa - Literature review Example This research aims to evaluate and present the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy in the treatment of Bulimia Nervosa. Illnesses have been around since the world started. They plagued the lives of all organisms throughout history. Plants, animals and humans can acquire different illnesses at certain points of their lives in one way or another. As knowledge takes on its advancement, the solutions or cure to these illnesses diseases have been developed and are constantly being studied to create better cures. With the availability of those cures, the lives of organisms are prolonged allowing them to survive longer. Even though cures are being developed and improved, the existence of different illnesses is continuously considered as one of the main concerns in medical profession. Some older drugs and therapies may not be effective for illnesses today which mean consistent research must be done to ensure the survival of humans and other organisms. In that case, illnesses capture the attention of scientists and medical practitioners alike as those illnesses are big threats to the lives of many. Also there are diseases that are not yet curable as there are no stable solutions for those problems yet. In response to that topic, it would help to focus on the very meaning of disease and how it affects the lives of all living beings. The very existence being searched for by scientists is the disease which is defined together with health. The World Health Organization defined health in 1948 as â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity,† (Bonita, Beaglehole, and Kjellstrom, 2006, p. 15). That definition of health is very much ideal as it would be difficult to measure the well-being or to create the exact criteria. Making standards for the well-being was close to impossible with that statement or definition that made it bombarded with criticisms. Others may say that health is the absence of disease, so in order to define disease and clearly separate it from health, the following can specifically

Art History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Art History - Research Paper Example one of the great museum founders, served for many years during the crucial times of its formation and was the president of the institution from 1896 to 1897. He made most of the significant gifts ever to the museum when he presented over seventy pictures by Spanish, Dutch, Italian, French, and Flemish artists of the xv to xvii centuries. His collections put the museum in a valuable position among other museums for character of its collections in which may regard almost every influential artist. The Annunciation picture is of a religious type of art. The title of the photo seems to originate from the Biblical story where Christians celebrate the Annunciation of the birth of Jesus to Mary. God sent Angel Gabriel to appear before the Virgin Mary and told her that she would conceive a baby boy (Jesus). She would conceive the child through the power of the Holy Spirit The artist of this picture reflected this view by the images of both Angel Gabriel and Mary. The artist also made another effort of bringing in the physical appearance of the characters in the pictures. He clearly represents the man with feathers as the angel since angels used to have them and had the ability to fly. It also creates the difference in the two images, and one can differentiate between them (Angel Gabriel and Mary). From the Biblical story, Mary was shocked upon hearing the news from the Angel and the artist portrays this in the picture. The woman seen on the right side of the image seems to be in a shock as she listens from the other man. The actual size of the image is 51.8 by 43.5 cm. The height of the picture exceeds the width by a few centimeters. The artist might have chosen this to accommodate the height of both characters images and the background that is typically crucial in determining the final view of the picture. The frame of the picture is 30 x 26 5/8 x 2 Â ½ centimeters. Although it has not affected the shapes in the images much, it has cut one of the shapes at the left far

New Labour Education Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

New Labour Education Policy - Essay Example In keeping step with the concept that the school is a reflection of society, New Labour's educational policies have been framed in their philosophy of free market competition, equality, and the recognition and reward of ability. New Labour has made a significant commitment to narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor and lessening the effects of the social and cultural capital that permeates the system. The policy is also committed to "reversing the increasing social exclusion of the unemployed and low-paid, and to equality of opportunity in education and the need to develop the potential of every child" (Tomlinson 2003, p.195). In addition, New Labour has maintained a steadfast commitment to "choice and competition, with education developing as a market commodity driven by consumer demand, fuelled by league tables of examination results, school 'choice' by parents, specialist schools and failing schools" (Tomlinson 2003, p.196). The ruthlessness of the market and cultural trad itions have often compromised the drive towards equality and fairness and has created tension in New Labour's controversial educational policies. No matter where you look in the educational system you will see the influence of the social stratification, racism, the gap between the poor and rich, and the class attitudes that are reflected in education's mirror. However, national standards and mandates have dictated that these influences must be overlooked and not considered in favour of an inclusive and performance based system. The initial enthusiasm that met New Labour's educational reforms has "dissipated into puzzlement, disappointment and concern about the direction of education policy, at least in... The researcher of this essay concluds that education reform in the UK has followed a violent and rocky road since the beginnings of formal education. Once thought to be the property of the elite, the researcher states that education is now perceived as a right that every citizen has an opportunity to attain. The traditional view that the school should be a reflection of the society becomes problematic when trying to instil equality, while honestly accounting for the culture. The call for free market choice and competition add additional tension to the multiple goals of the educational initiatives. Traditional social and cultural groups that underperform in society or economics will also underperform in education. This results in socio-economic groupings that take on the characteristic of being exclusionary. The students with social capital will group with like peers and self perpetuate the segregation. Meritocracy further increases the gap, as the most capable students will be the on es from an advantaged background. The researcher hopes that thse phenomena will resonate through race, ethnicity, gender, and the disabled. In this scenario demands that society make some fundamental changes in correcting its own prejudice. Still, Labour has shown a willingness to acknowledge its failures and alter their approach when possible. They have begun to consider the social context of the schools and it can be concluded that educational reform is far from ideal, but continues to evolve as society pulls it along.

Discussing Principles And Importance Of Good Record Keeping Nursing Essay

Discussing Principles And Importance Of Good Record Keeping Nursing Essay This essay aims to focus on record keeping. It will briefly discuss the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2009) guidance for nurses and midwives and the importance of good record keeping in the health care setting. This literature will also discuss four of these principles. The first principle is of detailed assessment and reviews which helps set up a care plan. It then moves on to the next principle which discusses hand writing and how it should be written legible. The next principle that has been discussed is the one that records should be accurate and recorded in a way that meaning is clear. Finally the last principle that has been discussed is that records should be factual and not include unnecessary abbreviations, jargon, meaningless phrases or irrelevant speculation. It then progressively moves on to discuss how these four principles impact on a care plan and how they are maintained. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC 2009:1) have guidelines for good record keeping, this helps nurses maintain good record keeping skills. Good record keeping skills is an important part of a nurses role in the health care setting. It helps nurses provide the correct and safe care towards a patient. Computer documentation is used in many of the health care settings, however hand writing in documentation is still widely used. The guidelines are used for both written and electronic record keeping. The process of record keeping is every bit as important as hands on clinical skills to helping maintain patients safety within the health care setting. It is not only important for monitoring a patients treatment and medical condition, it is also important for any legal issues that may arise when providing care to a patient regarding any care or treatment they have received when in a health care setting (Griffith 2007:363 ). There is a principle in the NMC 2009 for good record keeping that states you should record details of any assessment and reviews undertaken and provide clear evidence of the arrangements you have made for future and ongoing care. This should also include details of information given about care and treatment (NMC 2009). This principle can help when putting a care plan in place for the care needs of a patient. When a patient first comes into any health care setting the first form of documentation is a written assessment of the patient and what their care needs are. This is a very important part of record keeping as it is the beginning of the care planning process. Assessment forms will include vital information on the patients medical condition and what their care needs are. It is also important to have all information regarding next of kin in case a patients condition was to deteriorate (Miller and Gibb 2007:250). A part of an assessment that is vital to a patients safety can be infor mation regarding any medication. This can highlight what a patient may be taking at the present time or any medication that they have an allergy to. If information regarding allergies is clearly documented then all care staff involved are aware when delivering care to the patient (Diamond 2005:460). The next stage in the care planning process is to put a plan into action to what treatment is best for the patients needs. All aspects of the patients care needs get reviewed so that all the patients care needs can be met. Implementation moves on from the planning stage in a care plan. This stage involves the nurse in charge of the patient getting referrals from other care professionals to meet the care needs of the patient. Evaluation is the final part of a care plan which looks at all the information recorded in a care plan. If the care needs of the patient have not been met then the health care professionals are able to make changes to the care plan for the best interest of the patient. This may include professionals at a different skill level, specificaly to deliver that care and treatment. It is the health care professionals responsibility to record and review all information regarding patients care. This enables care progress and makes sure the patients care needs are being met safely (Brooker and Waugh 2007 358). One of the principles for good record keeping is regarding handwriting hand writing should be legible (NMC 2009). A way in which badly written documents can cause problems is if prescribed medication that has been recorded is not written clearly, not only the type of medication but also information on administering medication. If a patients records are written clearly there is less risk to the patients safety (Reddy 2006:330). In any care setting good writing skills are very important as other multidisciplinary teams can be involved in a patients care. It is important that they can easily read any treatment and care a patient is receiving and that all needs of the patient are being met. A care plan is a legal document so it is vital that all information can be easily read. Any care professional who writes any information in a care plan is personally responsible for the information that they have written (Powell 2009:300). When a nurse writes in a care plan regarding treatment to a patient they may make a mistake and need to correct what they have written, this is the only reason why information can be changed. Correction fluid should never be used in a care plan to cover any written mistake. A line should be put through the error that has been made and the appropriate notes should be written in. The person making the change to the care plan should sign and date when they made the correction so other health care professionals can see why the correction was made to the care plan (Diamond 2005:261). This makes all written information in a patients or clients care plan more easily to read and any individual who writes in the care notes should try and use a black ink pen on white paper. A patients care plan is the main tool used in a care setting to communicate with different care professionals and services who may be involved in the care of a patient. In a variety of different care settings different colo ured paper is used for certain medical interventions. It is important that any paper and ink that is used in a care plan can be easily photocopied, as at times copies of some of the patients care plans may be needed (Griffith 2004:123). There is also a principle in the NMC that states your records should be accurate and recorded in a way that the meaning is clear. All notes that are written about a patients care should be clear so that any other care professionals who need to read the care plan know and understand what has been written. If a nurse was to write settled day what meaning does that actually have to other care staff. Care plans are helpful at finding out any care issues a patient may have. If there has been a problem regarding a patients care and it has been resolved then this has to be clearly documented. When a nurse comes on shift and takes over the care of a patient and the patients care notes may read awake most of the night due to being in pain and then did not write how she helped the patient overcome this problem then this is poor record keeping skills. Highlighting every intervention while delivering care is vital and information should not be missed out. It may be the case that the patient rece ived pain relief medication at the end of that previous nurses shift. If this was not documented in the patients care notes or kardex then the nurse who has taken over care of the patient may administer pain relief again, putting the patients safety risk. Documenting and recording clear and meaningful information regarding a patients care and any changes in a patients condition is a skill, and it is essential care professional in a care setting get it right. All written and computerised notes should be spelt accurately and have a clear meaning. Spelling may not always put a patients safety at risk but its not always that way regarding miss spelt medication. Many medications do sound the same when you say them but they are spelt differently and this can put a patients safety at risk (Diamond 2005:568). To keep records accurate all information written in a patients care plan must have a date with the day, month and year the staff member who has documented the information in the care plan. The time of documentation should also be added using the 24 hour clock. If all information in a patients care plan is accurate and up to date it helps maintain good communication between all care professionals involved in the patients care (Griffith 2004:124). Moving on to another principle in the NMC for maintaining good record keeping is the one that states records should be factual and not include unnecessary abbreviations, jargon, meaningless phrases or irrelevant speculation. One way this can cause a problem is if a nurse were to write in a patients care notes using abbreviations or jargon. Nurses who come on to a shift to take over the care of patients have to be able understand what has been written to help them deliver care effectively. Records are an important part of a patients care in which various health care professionals are involved in. Using abbreviations or jargon can put a patients safety at risk as it may have a totally different meaning to another person (Brooker and Waugh 2007:154). The NMC try to advice health care staff not to use abbreviations and follow the principles for record keeping. In some health care settings abbreviations will be used and nursing students need to be aware of what they mean to avoid any confusion. One of the abbreviations that are used safely in a health care setting is BP which means blood pressure. Abbreviations get used in health care settings to try and save time on record keeping as it does take up a lot of the health care staffs time (Diamond 2005:665). When care professionals follow these four principles of good record keeping it has an impact on a patients care plan in many ways. A care plan has all the relevant information regarding a patient. Having the correct and up to date information regarding a patient helps maintain a patients safety. Good record keeping has an impact on a patients health and helps recognise any sudden changes in a patient condition. If all information is written clearly with the correct spelling then other care professionals involved in the care of the patient can clearly understand what has been written. A well documented care plan helps maintain good communication between all care staff involved in the care of the patient. Some care staff who are involved in the patients care never see each other and a care plan is the only tool they have and would use for communicating and knowing what treatment and care the patient has been given and what care still needs to be delivered to the patient (Greyer 2005:24). A care plan is a legal document and all written information has to be accurate, clearly written and should not have any jargon or abbreviations contained in it. If a care plan is clearly documented with all the relevant information it impacts on the healthcare staff by safe guarding them in regards to any legal issues involving patients including the care staffs involvement (Diamond 2008:119). A care plan is maintained by reviewing this document at regular intervals. Reviewing care plans helps maintain accurate and safe care towards a patient. The main purpose for reviewing care plans is to maintain continuity of care. A review will help care staff determine if all care needs of the patient are being met and to notice if any of the care needs of the patient have changed from the initial assessment (Miller and Gibb 2007:272). An audit is another way to help maintain good record keeping of a care plan. An audit will check that all information is written clearly, with meaning, up to date and its accuracy. Audits can help highlight any inaccurate documentation and changes that can be made to rectify the inaccuracies within a document (Anderson 2000:355). Throughout this essay record keeping has been discussed and the importance of record keeping in the health care setting. It looked at the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2009) guidance for nurses and midwives and four principles of record keeping. It later discussed how these principles impact and are maintained in a care plan. Record keeping is an important skill that nurses should have to maintain good communication between other care staff members regarding care needs of a patient. All care professionals involved in the care needs of a patient may never meet and only communicate through what they write in a patients care plan. It is important that all information is written clearly and can be easily understood to help maintain continuity of care towards the patient. There could be a problem for some nurses when it comes to writing information in a patients care notes. One way of doing this is if a nurse comes from another country and English is not their first language then they mi ght have some difficulty writing care notes and they need to be assessed to see if they are capable to write up notes correctly. Writing up care notes regarding a patient does take up time, many nurses feel the time used documenting information could be time used to treat a patient, but care plans are very important in the health care setting. Nurses should try and not leave writing up care notes to near the end of their shift, they should try and set aside time to document all relevant information regarding care given and nursing interventions of patient. If nurses leave writing up care notes to near the end of their shift and rush through what they are recording then this may cause them to miss out important information and could put a patients safety at risk. A care plan is a legal document and nurses should be aware of this when writing any care or treatment in a patients care notes. If all care notes are written clearly with no jargon then all other care professionals can easil y read what the care needs are of the patient. Student nurses should be aware that good record keeping is a skill and it is every bit as important as clinical skills they will learn. If a nurse finds it difficult to read any information in a care plan, they should inform the person in charge. Care notes are vitally important to protect healthcare staff in the event of any legal allegations that a patient has made regarding care or treatment they have received from the nurse. A care plan is a very important document for a variety of different reasons so good record keeping is important in all health care settings. Anderson E (2000) Issues surrounding record keeping in district nursing practice. British Journal of Community Nursing 5 (6) 297-299. Brooker C, Waugh A (2007) Foundation of Nursing Practice. Edinbrugh, Mosby Elsevier 154-358. Diamond B (2005) Exploring the principles of good record keeping in nursing. British Journal of Nursing 14 (8) 460-462. Diamond B (2005) Exploring common deficiencies that occur in record keeping. British Journal of Nursing 14 (10) 568-570. Greyer N (2005) Record keeping. South Africa. Juta and co ltd: 24. Griffith R (2007) The importance of earnest record keeping. Nurse Prescribing 5 (8) 363-366. Griffith R (2004) Putting the record straight: the importance of documentation. British Journal of Community Nursing 9 (3) 122-125. Miller J, Gibb S (2007) Care Practice for Higher 2nd edition. Paisley, Hodder and Gibson 205-272. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2009) Record Keeping: Guidance for nurses and midwives [Internet]. London, Nursing and Midwifery Council. Available: http://www.nmc-uk.org/aDisplayDocument.aspx?DocumentID=6269 [Accessed 19 January 2010]. Powell S (2009) Study skills: clinical writing; what is best practice? British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 3 (6) 300-301. Reddy B (2006) Prescription writing standards: why they are important. Nurse Prescribing 4 (8) 330-335.

Nationalism and Sectionalism :: essays research papers

1. The three components of the American System were establishing a new protective tariff, starting a new transportation system and restoring the national bank. Henry Clay thought that each of these components would strengthen and unify the nation because he thought the American system would unite the nation’s economic resources because the south would grow food and raise animals that the north would eat and in return the south would by the manufactured goods the north made. A new transportation system would allow trade between the north and the south. Now America could finally become independent economically. And the tariff would help because during the War of 1812 British merchants brought a great deal of products to the United States and sold them at much lower prices than American made goods, so the tariff would raise the prices of the British goods so the American merchants could sell their products at a lower price.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Female workers in Lowell, MA can be compared to slaves in the south in many ways but they are also very different. The conditions that the women in Lowell and slaves had to live in were very unsanitary and unbearable. The woman even felt like slaves. They were constantly watched as were slaves and they were also forced to go to church. Unlike slaves they were paid, even though they were paid very little because they could do the work of a man but get paid less, they still got paid. They had choices of what jobs to do where slaves were assigned to certain jobs. The women got some free time and even a 30 minute lunch break while slaves had very little or no brakes at all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. While John Marshall was chief justice the Supreme Court promoted the idea of nationalism. In the Supreme Court case Gibbons vs. Ogden help make certain that the federal government had power on pretty much everything crossing any state lines. Another case also supported the national government over the state government, it was McCulloch vs. Maryland.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4. America’s foreign policy followed and promoted the idea of nationalism between 1825 and 1825 by making a treaty with Great Britain to trim down the number of military fleets at the Great Lakes. Also the Rush-Bagot Treaty made America and Canada remove all their troops from their shared border. John Adams also held the convention of 1818, which made a compromise with Britain to share the Oregon territory. Nationalism and Sectionalism :: essays research papers 1. The three components of the American System were establishing a new protective tariff, starting a new transportation system and restoring the national bank. Henry Clay thought that each of these components would strengthen and unify the nation because he thought the American system would unite the nation’s economic resources because the south would grow food and raise animals that the north would eat and in return the south would by the manufactured goods the north made. A new transportation system would allow trade between the north and the south. Now America could finally become independent economically. And the tariff would help because during the War of 1812 British merchants brought a great deal of products to the United States and sold them at much lower prices than American made goods, so the tariff would raise the prices of the British goods so the American merchants could sell their products at a lower price.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Female workers in Lowell, MA can be compared to slaves in the south in many ways but they are also very different. The conditions that the women in Lowell and slaves had to live in were very unsanitary and unbearable. The woman even felt like slaves. They were constantly watched as were slaves and they were also forced to go to church. Unlike slaves they were paid, even though they were paid very little because they could do the work of a man but get paid less, they still got paid. They had choices of what jobs to do where slaves were assigned to certain jobs. The women got some free time and even a 30 minute lunch break while slaves had very little or no brakes at all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. While John Marshall was chief justice the Supreme Court promoted the idea of nationalism. In the Supreme Court case Gibbons vs. Ogden help make certain that the federal government had power on pretty much everything crossing any state lines. Another case also supported the national government over the state government, it was McCulloch vs. Maryland.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4. America’s foreign policy followed and promoted the idea of nationalism between 1825 and 1825 by making a treaty with Great Britain to trim down the number of military fleets at the Great Lakes. Also the Rush-Bagot Treaty made America and Canada remove all their troops from their shared border. John Adams also held the convention of 1818, which made a compromise with Britain to share the Oregon territory.

Academic Degree and Financial Aid Essay

Thank you in advance for taking the time to review my letter of appeal for financial aid reinstatement. First, let me say, I wholeheartedly appreciate your granting me this award in order to make my educational dreams a blissful reality. It would be a great honor for me to continue on the path which I started before I suffered this temporary setback. I take full responsibility for why my grades slipped and because unsatisfactory. There is no one else to blame but myself for not being able to control my emotional state during a time of terrible crisis to the point where I could maintain an acceptable G. P. A. For that I am sincerely sorry because I feel that I have let many people down, including myself. I put a lot of effort to pass most of my classes, yet I still failed my English course due to some negligence on my part as concerns my work which was to determine my grade in the course; I did everything possible to do great in the course despite my mistakes but I guess it was not good enough during the semester Fall 2013. I promise not to make such mistakes anymore, and be more responsible. I am asking this committee to give me a second chance to prove that I am worthy of this award so I can continue in my studies this Fall 2014 Semester. I do realize that I neglected my studies and I would like another chance to do better in them. I have compiled a list of steps I need to take in order to be successful in school and my studies. 1. I would obtain a tutor for my most difficult classes by becoming familiar with the tutoring center on campus 2. I would manage my time wisely so that I can balance my life and studies together. 3. Meet with each of my instructors and talk with them, about what they believe will make me be a better student in their class. 4. Go to the scheduled office hours of each of my instructors, when facing any difficulties. 5. Talk with my advisor who is assisting me with my Academic Degree plan. She advises me on the classes and hours that would be suitable for me. 6. Go to class on time as scheduled to take advantage of what they have to offer. My goal is to earn a degree in business so I can make a difference in the lives of people and young students. This is very important to me because I’ve always been interested on being a business lady in the future during my days as a kid. I can only be able to achieve my goal if my financial aid is being appealed, because as an individual my family face a lot of financial difficulties and I’m not able to pay my tuition or even get my books. I am a hard working student and very determined, and I would like the chance to prove to you that this 2014 Fall Semester would not be a disappointment. I would try hard to be a good role model to my family, friends and other students. My education is of paramount importance to me. Thank you for your time Yours Sincerely, Ruth Taku.

FORP News Letter †November 13 †2005

FORP News Letter – November 13 – 2005 Free Online Research Papers FORP News Letter November 13 2005 As of writing this letter we have been online 12 weeks, 11 hours, and 59 min. Thank you to everyone who is contributing to make this an excellent resource and a growing community of students seeking out examples of high quality work. Also, a special thanks to keto and drgold for helping us out with some bug issues relating to the sites functionality. If not for you guys we would be still doing things the hard way! We are currently at 562 papers! 500 papers was a major goal for me when I first thought of this site. I never thought it would take off this fast with so many people contributing. There are still a fair number of people contributing as anonymous users and that is ok but I would hope eventually they sign up for accounts so that we can give them credit for their efforts. Thanks again to everyone who is making this site happen and I hope we continue to grow over the next 3 months. Admin Research Papers on FORP News Letter - November 13 - 2005Hip-Hop is ArtThe Project Managment Office SystemLifes What IfsThe Hockey GameStandardized TestingDefinition of Export QuotasRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Javier Mason is the owner of a large shopping Essays

Javier Mason is the owner of a large shopping Essays Javier Mason is the owner of a large shopping Essay Javier Mason is the owner of a large shopping Essay Javier Mason is the proprietor of a big shopping composite in the freshly constructed commercial Centre of Leedstown. The freehold land owned by Javier is unregistered land. In 1989, he granted by deed a rental of store one to Giuseppe, a vino importer and retail merchant, for a term of 35 old ages. As portion of the footings of the rental, Giuseppe compacts with Javier as follows: * non to utilize the premises as a bar/ eating house or for the ingestion of intoxicant and nutrient on the premises, * to maintain the premises in a good province of fix, * non to transport out any changes to the premises * non to blockade the precinct paseo with gross revenues or promotional stuff * non to delegate or sub-let without Javier Mason s anterior written consent * non to use Antoine ( a challenger shopping developer ) in any capacity The rental besides contains a right of re-entry. In 2005, Giuseppe won the lottery and decided to retire to Italy and assigned the rental of store one by title to Mathieu, a restauranter and successful saloon proprietor. Javier s written consent is obtained for the assignment in conformity with the rental. After taking the assignment, Mathieu decides to change over store one into Rioja Rioja , a new premiss of his successful saloon franchise, without informing Javier Mason. Antoine, Mathieu s cousin, provided commercial advice in a consultancy capacity on the undertaking. As portion of the transition works, Mathieu, on the advice of Antonie, demolishes two walls at the rear of the belongings in order to make a larger seating country. At around the same clip as the rental to Giuseppe is granted, store two is leased to Carlos who runs a successful humanistic disciplines and trade store for a figure of old ages. After his boy Pascel graduates from Art School he decides to sub-let the rental for store two to his boy. He sets up a store called Art Really Matters . Pascel is an first-class creative person but is comparatively inexperienced in the field of concern. Some six months after being granted the sublease, Pascel experiences fiscal jobs and is unable to pay rent to his male parent Carlos, who in bend can non pay Javier Mason. Detecting this, Javier Mason changes all the locks on store two late one dark and refuses to allow either Carlos or Pascel gain entry to shop two. Javier Mason now comes to you for advice and he has merely learnt of the transition work to shop one. He was so indignant that Antoine is on his belongings that he did nt see the Art exhibition being displayed outside Art Really Matters on his manner to this meeting. This resulted in him stumbling over the show and twisting his mortise joint. Advise Javier. Introduction: There are three issues that must be addressed in our advice to Javier: First, we must analyze the commissariats of the original rental understanding, and ascertain whether or non the attached compact comes within the range of s3-16 of the Landlord and Tenants ( Covenant ) Act 1995, in which instance, Javier would be able to take an action out against Mathieu straight for his breach of compact. It should be noted nevertheless that, if s3 of the Act does use, the rights conferred on Javier by the compact might be interpreted restrictively, under the general aims of this Act, which are, to restrict in certain fortunes the operation of rights of re-entry, forfeiture and disclaimer ; and for affiliated intents. [ 1 ] If s3 of the 1995 Act does non use to the compact in inquiry, and Mathieu can non be sued Javier for breach of compact, so might it be possible for Javier to action Giuseppe for the breach? If so, can Giuseppe indemnify himself against such a claim by virtuousness of s 77 ( 1 ) ( hundred ) of the Law of Property Act 1925. Second, sing the issues refering to shop figure two ; the inquiry here is whether Javier is within his rights to efficaciously end the rental by altering the locks and declining entry to shrivel the leaseholder, Carlos, or the sub-lessee, his boy Pascel. Finally, we must rede Javier as to possible claims he may hold against the proprietor of the Art Really Matters’ mark, which was positioned outside the store, for the personal hurt he sustained as a consequence of tripping over the show, and besides for the breach of the term of the compact, which states, the leaseholder must non blockade the precinct paseo with gross revenues or promotional material’ . Let us turn to each of these issues in bend: 1 ] Did the compact in inquiry base on balls to Mathieu upon assignment of the rental? By virtuousness of s3 ( 1 ) of the Landlord and Tenants ( Covenant ) Act 1995, The benefit and load of all landlord and tenant compacts of a tenancy†¦ ( B ) shall in conformity with this subdivision base on balls on an assignment of the whole or any portion of those premises or of the reversion in them. This would be the instance whether or non Mathieu signed the compact upon transportation: S3 ( 5 ) of the Act states that, [ a ] New York landlord or tenant compact of a occupancy which is restrictive of the user of land shall, every bit good as being capable of enforcement against an assignee, be capable of being enforced against any other individual who is the proprietor or occupier of any demised premises to which the compact relates, even though there is no express proviso in the occupancy to that effect.S3 of the Act nevertheless merely applies to new tenancies’ , by virtuousness of s1 of the Act:Sections 3 to 16 and 21 apply merely to new occupancies. ( 2 ) Sections 17 to 20 apply to both new and other occupancies. ( 3 ) For the intents of this subdivision a occupancy is a new occupancy if it is granted on or after the day of the month on which this Act comes into force otherwise than in pursuit of ( a ) an understanding entered into before that date. In our instance, the Mathieu’s occupancy was made in pursuit of the earlier compact between Giuseppe and Javier in 1989, prior to the passage of the 1995 Act ; as such, merely s17, s18, s19 and s20 of the Act will use to the compact, and all these subdivisions are irrelevant to Javier’s possible claim. In this instance, in visible radiation of the fact that s3 of the 1995 Act can non use and in visible radiation of the fact that we are non told that Mathieu was made to subscribe a compact upon assignment, it would look that Mathieu is non bound by its footings ; the philosophy of Privity will therefore prevent Javier from being able to claim amendss from Mathieu, the assignee. Alternatively, Javier may try to claim against Giuseppe for Mathieu’s breach of the footings. In the absence of a guaranteed insurance understanding between Giuseppe and Mathieu, it would, prima facie, seem likely that Javier might win ; after all, it was Giuseppe who signed the compact, and therefore it was Giuseppe who should be bound for any subsequent breaches of its footings, even where he has later assigned the rental to a 3rd party. Giuseppe may be able to indemnity himself against this claim by virtuousness of s 77 ( 1 ) ( hundred ) of the Law of Property Act 1925, which states, †¦there shall be deemed to be included and implied, a compact to the consequence in this subdivision stated, by and such individuals as are hereinafter mentioned, that is to state: In a conveyance for valuable consideration, other than a mortgage, of the wholly of the land comprised in a rental, for the residue of the term or involvement created by the rental, a compact by the assignee or joint and several compacts by the assignees ( if more than one ) with the conveyance parties and with each of them ( if more than one ) in the footings set out in Part IX of the Second Schedule to this Act. I would hence reason by reding Javier to get down legal proceedings against Giuseppe for breach of compact, and Giuseppe may so be able to action Mathieu for his breach of implied compact to indemnify his ain liability against Javier. 2 ] Is Javier within his rights to efficaciously end the rental by altering the locks and declining entry to the leaseholder, Carlos, and the sub-lessee, his boy Pascel? If the premises are being used for concern intents merely, neither Pascel nor Carlos will be entitled to trust on the Protection from Eviction Act 1977 to acquire an order that Javier’s changing of the locks and effectual eviction was improper. If nevertheless, the premises are being used as a residence, every bit good as for the intents of concern, so s2 of the Eviction Act 1977 will use to give Pascel and Carlos a signifier of damages. S2 of the Eviction Act 1977 provinces: 2 ) In this subdivision the resident , in relation to any premises, means any individual legitimately shacking in the premises or portion of them at the expiration of the former occupancy. residential resident means a individual busying the premises as a abode, whether under a contract or by virtuousness of any passage or regulation of jurisprudence giving him the right to stay in business or curtailing the right of any other individual to retrieve ownership of the premises. ( 2B ) Subsections ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) above apply in relation to any premises occupied as a brooding under a license, other than an excluded license, as they apply in relation to premises allow as a brooding under a occupancy, and in those subdivisions the looks allow and occ upancy shall be construed consequently. In the instance of Pirabakaran v Patel and Another [ 2006 ] EWCA Civ 685, it was held that the phrase let as a dwelling’ , in s2 of the Protection from Eviction Act 1977, includes those premises which are let for both residential intents and besides for those of concern, e.g. a store with a level above it. In our instance, it we are non told if there is a level above store figure two, and so we can merely theorize ; if Pascel or Giuseppe use the premises for both residential and concern intents, so Javier’s actions were illegal under the proviso of s2 of the Eviction Act 1977. If the store is used merely for the intents of concern, so the rentals will efficaciously be deemed terminated at the minute that Javier entered the premises and changed the locks, preventing the entry of the leaseholders. We can assume from the facts that former will be the instance [ in visible radiation of the fact that there is no reference of the premises being used as a residence in the content of job inquiry at the top of this paper ] , in which instance the constabulary can collar Javier and he will, if convicted, either be fined or imprisoned by order of a magistrate. 3 ] What action can Javier take against Carlos/ Pascel in order to be compensated for ( I ) the personal hurt he sustained as a consequence of the obstructor of the main road and ( two ) their breach of the term of the compact, which states, the leaseholder must non blockade the precinct paseo with gross revenues or promotional material’ ? ( I ) Sing a possible claim in the civil wrong of carelessness for the personal hurt, which Javier has sustained, the relevant jurisprudence is contained in the Occupiers Liability Act. In visible radiation of the fact that Javier has a right to come in the premises, as per the compact between him and Carlos, Javier would be considered a visitant at jurisprudence, and as such the relevant jurisprudence is the Occupiers Liability Act 1957. Section 2 ( 1 ) of this Act provinces, An occupier of premises owes the same responsibility, the common responsibility of attention , to all his visitants, except in so far as he is free to and does widen, curtail, modify or except his responsibility to any visitant or visitants by understanding or otherwise. This responsibility is defined in s2 ( 2 ) of the Act as a responsibility to take such attention as in all the fortunes of the instance is sensible to see that the visitant will be moderately safe in utilizing the premises for the intents for which he is invited or permitted by the occupier to be there. I do non believe Javier would be successful in claiming the Carlos breached this responsibility ; whilst the mark should non hold been allowed to shack outside the store, s2 ( 3 ) ( B ) of the Act provinces: The fortunes relevant for the present intent include the grade of attention, and of privation of attention, which would normally be looked for in such a visitant, so that ( for illustration ) in proper cases- ( B ) an resident may anticipate that a individual, in the exercising of his naming, will appreciate and guard against any particular hazards normally incident to it, so far as the resident leaves him free to make so. Javier could hold seen the mark and would therefore be expected to avoid it. The facts provided even suggest that it was Javier’s hastiness and choler which caused him to hold the accident, and as such I do non experience that the Court would keep Carlos responsible. Javier may nevertheless be able to claim for his personal hurt through contract jurisp rudence: ( two ) Sing the breach of compact, Javier will be unable to action Pascel, the sub-lessee, because of the philosophy of privity of contract ; the compact, which states that the leaseholder must non blockade the precinct paseo with gross revenues or promotional material’ , was made between Javier and Carlos. Javier must therefore direct his action at the leaseholder Carlos ; Carlos will therefore be held responsible at jurisprudence for his son’s breach of compact, and unless an extra compact had been made, incorporating the same proviso refering to non-obstruction of the main road, between the leaseholder Carlos and his sub-lessee boy, Pascel, so Carlos will non be able to indemnify himself in protection from Javier’s claim. Carlos will therefore be apt for all amendss fluxing as a direct consequence of this breach, and this will include the losingss, which Javier may hold sustained as a consequence of holding a sprained mortise joint, every bit long as these losingss were a direct consequence of such breach. We are non told what losingss Javier in fact suffered as a consequence of his hurts, and so any decisions on this affair would be little more than guess. It should be noted nevertheless that, unlike amendss in the jurisprudence of civil wrong, pure economic losingss are claimable for breach of contract claims, and as such, Javier may claim for loss of net incomes as a consequence of his sprained mortise joint. Bibliography: Gray, K ( 2005 ) Elementss of Land Law, 4th erectile dysfunction. ( London: Butterworths ) . M.P. Thompson, Modern Land Law, ( 3rd edn, Oxford, 2003 ) Clarke and Kohler, Property Law: Commentary and Materials ; Cambridge University Press 2005 Roger Smith, Property Law ; Longman Law Series, 4th edn Longman, Harlow 2003 Winfield and Jolowicz on Tort’ edited by W.V.H. Rogers [ 2002 ] ; Sweet and Maxwell, London. Weir, Casebook on Tort. ( 9ThursdayEd ) Chapter 1 1

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How and why did Greek writers, painters and sculptors compare and contrast the values and virtues of Greeks and Barbarians - Essay Example Greek history has uncertain beginnings and varying boundaries because it encompasses eras of expansion over many centuries.In this context Greek authors, artists and sculptors took it for granted that Greek culture was superior to the othercultures When the Greek civilization was at the height of its powers in the archaic and classical periods, from around 800 BC until about 300 BC it ruled vast areas of the Eastern Mediterranean and much further inland, exacting tribute from conquered peoples and passing on its illustrious literature and culture to many other tribes and nations. In this context Greek authors, artists and sculptors simply took it for granted that Greek culture was superior to the cultures that could not demonstrate the advanced technologies that the Greeks possessed. Some cultures like the Egyptians, for example, had great cities, stone monuments and works of literature which earned the respect of the Greeks, but those who preferred a nomadic lifestyle were regarded simply as ‘barbarians.’ Very often this label was used in ignorance, and it served to make as big a distance as possible in Greek minds between those who were within its extended territorial reach, and those who were beyond it. In short, all that was culturally good and proper and admirable was Greek, and all that the barbarian cultures represented was depicted in opposite terms. In modern language we would call this a stereotype, and then, as now, there was some truth in this stereotype, but it was by no means the full story. This paper explores the way that Greeks define and depict themselves and the barbarians through various artefacts including literature, painting and sculpture. It covers the values and the virtues of Greek and of barbarian as seen from the Greek point of view, both positive and negative, as demonstrated through actions and outward appearance. Hall points out that there were hundreds of tragedies written for fifth century Athenian theatre and that more than half of them introduce barbarian characters, choruses and locations, even when there is no need for these details in the main plot: â€Å"Supernumerary foreign characters or choruses, and the ubiquity of allusions to the other, inferior, world beyond Hellas, therefore provide evidence that barbarians were a particular preoccupation of the Greek tragedians. 1 Hall identifies two main areas of difference between Greeks and barbarians. The first is political, thanks to the Greek commitment to democracy as a form of government for a modern state: â€Å"Greeks are democratic and egalitarian; the barbarians are tyrannical and hierarchical†2 although this conveniently overlooks the fact that Greek wealth and leisure to depended upon a large underclass of slaves who were mostly non-Greeks. The second area of difference that Hall observes is harder to define, and lies in the area of psychology and attitude, whereby the barbarian is cast in the role of â€Å"other.† T his notion permeates Greek thinking and this kind of polarization is a tendency which has been present in European history ever since. It is important to remember that our modern understanding of race and nationhood may not exactly match the way that these ideas were understood in early Greek history. Greece was made up of a collection of small city states, and they had ties with the center of Greek culture in Athens, but they also had ties with the geographical areas surrounding them, some of which differed greatly from the Athenian norms. Different Greek cities had different perspectives. Geary notes that the fifth century Greek historian Herodotus indulges in a certain amount of simplistic â€Å"us and them† thinking, but at the same time probes the backgrounds of the peoples such as the Persians whom the Greeks encountered as enemies in long and bitter wars: â€Å"Herodotus invented both history and ethnography.† 3 This is not, however ethnography as we would under stand it today. Geary explains that for Herodotus it is not biological or political factors that connect a group

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Short - Essay Example This paper argues that insecurity can be fought without necessarily invading privacy. Following the recent leaks of the spying operations of the National Security Agency (NSA), it is evident that the government sees is traditionally rational to eavesdrop on almost all Americans’ communications for suspicious actions (Editorial Board, 2013). This breach shows that the security agency downplays the privacy rights of the citizens. Even though the society has become increasingly dependent on digital technologies, with most of the details being readily available online, the government has forcibly argued that security is one of its primary mandates. On the contrary, the fact that data gathered by the NSA is normally obtained without the consent of the originators raises some serious questions: why would security threats within the American population find the NSA activities as tactic threatening? Should individuals suspected of posing security threats to millions of innocent civilians enjoy immunity from eavesdropping? If yes, what should be the extent of their pri vacy? In light of these questions, one might think that the recent breaches of privacy would underscore the American society’s security scares as legitimizing their deliberate loss of own individual privacy (Editorial Board, 2013). If this is factual, it would imply that the citizens have become used to the notion of sacrificing their individual privacy in order to stay safe from terror activities. This is not the case, however. As such, the government forcefully argues that an individual who surrenders essential freedom would be safer. Regardless, Editorial Board (2013) said the likely loss of both privacy and security calls for a proper way to balance the two fundamental issues. Instead of gathering personal data on virtually all American citizens, the security agencies need to concentrate on real threats to

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Organic compound boiling points - Essay Example In order to figure out the order of organic compound boiling point, it is important to understand their trends. The important thing to make into consideration is that the boiling point is usually indicative of the force strength bonding its molecules together. When many molecules stick together, they will consequently need more energy to break the bonds and release the molecules as gases. Three important trends are considered including branching, which decreases the compound’s boiling point, and the number of carbons as boiling points increases with the increase in carbon atoms. Additionally, the relative strength of intermolecular forces is important (Hill & John, 2011: p32). The strength of the bonds in descending order is; Ionic> Hydrogen bonding> dipole- dipole> Van der Waals forces of dispersion. The influence of these attractive forces is dependent on the present, functional groups. The first trend is the strength, relative for all four compounds, of the intermolecular f orces. Molecules that are held together by dipole- dipole interactions, formed by the polarization of C-O bonds have a lower intermolecular energy when compared to compounds with hydroxyl groups, which are, in turn, capable of forming hydrogen bonds (Macomber, 2009: p11). Organic alcohols have significantly higher boiling points than other organic compounds because of this property, as can be derived. Molecules that have relatively the same molecular weights have their boiling points determined by the present, functional group. 3-Methyl-2-Butanone has a dipole-dipole intermolecular interaction model, and so it has a significantly low boiling point as compared to the other organic alcohols with hydrogen intermolecular bonding (Macomber, 2009: p12). The positive end of one molecule is attracted and bonded to a negative region of another molecule. For molecules with a similar functional group, such as the organic compounds under investigation, the boiling points increase with a rise in molecular weight. The key force that connects molecular size and intermolecular strength is the Van der Waals forces of dispersion that are proportional to the molecules’ surface area (Mehta & Manju, 2009: p29). Therefore, as the length of the chain increases, the surface area of the molecules also increases. Consequently, this results in an increased capability of the molecules in the compound to be attracted to each other. As the length of the chain increases, regions where they line up with each other increase. Each interaction may not be worth a lot, but added up over the entire chain length, the Van der Waals forces of dispersion have the ability to exert tremendous effects (Mehta & Manju, 2009: p29). 1-Hexanol has the highest molecular weight, coming in at 102.67 g/mol1, thus provides more surface area for intermolecular interaction. With the increased energy required to separate the molecules, the boiling point is high. Both 1-Pentanol and 3-Methyl-1-butanol have a mo lecular weight of 88.15 g/mol1, which is still higher than 3-methyl-2-butanone, which has a molecular weight of 86.13 g/ mol. Molecular symmetry is yet another by-product of Van der Waals forces of dispersion’s dependence on surface area. The straighter the compound’s molecules are, the better they line up, as well as bond. The spherical the molecules become, due to branching, the lower the surface area left for intermolecula

Solving problems and making decisions Essay Example for Free

Solving problems and making decisions Essay Background As the Head Phlebotomist at the RDE Wonford site I oversee the day to day running and supervision of 32 members of staff. 20 staff members are contracted, working between 12 and 37.5 hours per week and the remainder are bank workers working on an ad-hoc basis when required. Daily we have a minimum of 15 phlebotomists working throughout the site. The role of the phlebotomist is primarily to obtain blood samples from inpatients and outpatients as requested by the doctors and clinical staff. To do this, requests are placed on an order communication system known to us as Medway. To access Medway every phlebotomist has their own laptop installed onto a portable trolley which is then wheeled from ward to ward. A daily minimum of 12 laptops require a WiFi signal to operate whilst the remaining 3 laptops are continuously hard wired into static modem ports. The department has a total of 19 laptop packages. Present Situation (Analysis of the problem) A daily problem facing the Phlebotomy team is with information technology. This includes hardware, software and human nature. Hardware –   The laptops are made up of a â€Å"package† which includes the laptop itself, the primary and secondary batteries required to enable it to last wirelessly for the 4 hour shift worked, the small label printers required to print patient identifying labels for each blood sample bottle and the chargers for both the laptop and the printer. Each of these laptop packages were purchased in 2011. Some components are now beginning to fail owing to their age, the heavy use they get and occasionally because they have not been treated or looked after as per the recommended suppliers guidelines. When one of the elements of these packages fails it declares the whole package unusable. Software – Each laptop has a minimum of Medway and WiFi software loaded to enable the phlebotomists to carry out their work. WiFi is dependent on many contributing factors to enable it to operate satisfactorily. These have been  confirmed by the operating systems department within the RDE and include physical obstructions, network range and distance between devices, signal interference and restrictions, signal sharing usage and load, poorly deployed antennas and the local environment (4Gon, 2014). All of these can and do affect the performance of each laptop causing them to slow down significantly and occasionally freeze and stop working altogether. Medway is also a very slow running programme which causes delays. Human nature – The phlebotomy team range in age from 23 to 69. Their ability to use I.T equipment is vast in range. Many of the phlebotomists has difficulties resolving I.T issues that others may find simple, for example changing passwords and logging into programmes. More complex issues that a phlebotomist may experience include identifying a WiFi issue or why a screen has frozen and how to rectify this. A lack of patience, understanding and confidence from the Phlebotomists is a restricting factor as this often causes additional problems when incorrect icons or buttons are pressed in frustration. If a phlebotomist is unable to operate every element of their laptop package for any of the above reasons they are then unable to continue their job until the problem is resolved. This often means a single phlebotomist will have stopped working for around 30 minutes each time a problem occurs. This delay causes an impact on their colleagues both physically and on morale. It also has an impact on the patients who will have a delay on having their blood taken and tested which, in some circumstances, may mean further procedures or treatments are delayed or in exceptional circumstances, cancelled. By solving this problem the phlebotomists would be able to carry out their duties with more confidence. Staff morale would be much higher as they would have equipment fit for purpose they could use without any issues. There would be no delays in patient treatment meaning the flow of patient care would be uninterrupted. There would be less time spent contacting the I.T service desk to report problems which would reduce their workload. If this problem is not resolved the department will have no working I.T equipment. Staff morale reduces which promotes frustration, conflict and sickness within the team putting pressure on the service we supply. The RDE Foundation Trust has created a  contingency plan (Appendix A) which would be implemented to ensure the service did not stop as this is not an option. Testing blood is a compulsory part of diagnosis and treatment. The contingency would include using paper forms to record blood sample requests although this would create a significant impact on the labs, causing further delays and more staff would be required to complete the workload adding financial pressure. The process would also be open to patient identification errors causing possible fatal errors in diagnosis and treatment. A contingency plan is a very short term work around it is not a solution. Investigation and identification of possible solutions to the problem Phlebotomists regularly contact me to complain about a wide range of IT problems. To begin accurately identifying and logging the problems concerned I created a small questionnaire (Appendix B) and asked each phlebotomist to complete it with as much information as possible each time a problem occurred. These were completed and collected over a period of 1 month to capture as many types of problems as possible. This information is then collated onto a spreadsheet (Appendix C). From this I identified how the main problems are grouped into the following categories: Hardware – Faulty printers Software – Medway errors, Wifi errors, Screen errors, Windows security errors Human – Password errors, Generic log in errors, Wifi errors, Screen errors Table 1 – Shows the types of problems, the frequency and the category based on the information collated. Immediately from the information gathered I can see that many problems cross multiple categories. Out of the 19 laptops and users 47% have experienced problems with 26% experiencing more than one problem across multiple categories. There were 15 problems identified which could have been caused by either category. The amount of possible causes equals 27 across all categories. The highest amount of problems are possibly caused by software issues at 44%, human problems follow at 33% and hardware problems at 22%. On average 47% of laptops with problems that have 27 possible causes a mean  average of 3.37 problems experienced each over the 1 month period. The mode average of people experiencing the same problem regardless of the cause is 2. The median average of all problems experienced regardless of the cause is also 2. Solutions to resolving these problems would be to replace or repair existing ageing hardware and to retain a small level of equipment items such as batteries and chargers in stock for immediate replacement. Replacing or updating existing software programmes. A solution to resolve the human grouping of problems is staff training. Problems that require help from the IT service desk will be their responsibility although, the generic log in problem could be avoided with staff training. By reporting these problems to the I.T service desk we can ask more specialised engineers to look into why, specifically, the WiFi regularly fails. A solution to the software grouping of problems is harder to find as the trust has purchased software that it feels is sufficient for its purpose. Staff training could help with some problems experienced in this area. Evaluation of possible solutions I have chosen to use the Benefit Cost analysis (CBA) tool (Jules Dupuit 1804-1866) to evaluate the solution options as follows: Replace or repair existing ageing hardware and stocking replacement items Benefit Cost Staff morale would increase if equipment is fit for purpose. Sickness absences due to stress would decrease saving money on replacement bank staff. The department would be able to make use of all the equipment available to them specifically during busier periods and for staff training. The equipment would be safe. Smaller faulty items could be replaced immediately maintaining continuity of use. Delays on taking and testing samples would reduce resulting in few or no delays with patient treatment/procedures. Phlebotomists would not need to contact the I.T service desk as often so reducing their workload. Contingency plan would not need to be implemented saving time, money, staff stress and treatment delays. Sickness absences have financial and health implications to other phlebotomists and the department. The department has a total of 19 laptop packages. The financial cost to replace all the equipment would run into thousands of pounds which we do not have the budget for.   The I.T service desk engineers are not always able to resolve problems immediately and can sometimes take several weeks owing to their workloads. Suppliers are not always able to provide replacement equipment. If we retain a small number of replacement items it would be the responsibility of the Head Phlebotomist to identify which item is faulty and if it could be repaired first adding to their workload. Lack of space to store additional replacement equipment. Replacing or updating existing software programmes Benefit Cost Staff morale would increase if software is fit for purpose. Confidence would increase boosting interest and competence. Sickness absences due to stress would decrease saving money on replacement bank staff. Delays on taking and testing samples would reduce resulting in few or no  delays with patient treatment/procedures. Phlebotomists would not need to contact the I.T service desk as often reducing their workload. Contingency plan would not need to be implemented saving time, money, staff stress and treatment delays. Sickness absences have financial and health implications to other phlebotomists and the department. The I.T service desk engineers are not always able to resolve problems immediately and can sometimes take several weeks owing to their workloads. Software programmes are purchased by the trust and cannot be replaced easily. WiFi is implemented through the whole trust and is so widespread it’s not easy to identify where the problem may have started. Time and funding is required to enable the systems teams to identify what area of software is causing the problem and resolve it. Disruption to ward areas whilst investigations are carried out. Staff Training Benefit Cost Phlebotomists would be more confident in identifying problems and resolving them improving competence, interest and morale and reducing sickness absences. The delays in time taken resolving problems would reduce making phlebotomists more efficient and cost effective. Phlebotomists would not need to contact the I.T service desk as often reducing their workload. Delays on taking and testing samples would reduce resulting in few or no delays with patient treatment/procedures. Time needed away from normal duties to attend training for trainers and trainees. Reducing the confidence of some phlebotomists who aren’t computer literate and may feel pressured into attending training above their ability. Some problems are erratic and happen infrequently meaning phlebotomists are likely to forget how to resolve them. Overall, the overwhelming benefit in finding a solution is to ensure there is minimal or no delay in the treatment of a patient. Using the cost/benefit analysis (CBA) I feel the first course of action to resolving this problem would be to implement staff training. Although the benefits only just out way the costs 4 to 3 my reason for this is that we would see faster results as it could be implemented immediately with less personal and financial cost than replacing or repairing existing hardware or software as detailed in the CBA. There would be regular time needed away from normal duties, maybe up to 1 hour per month per phlebotomist and trainer. This could be incorporated into their regular hours at quieter times or bank staff could be used to cover the minimum time requirement. Although it is difficult to calculate an exact financial cost saving I believe that it is fair to assume that as less people and equipment would be involved in implementing staff training the financial burde n would also be less. Also, as detailed in the CBA, phlebotomists would be more confident in identifying problems and could become more competent and interested in resolving them themselves. This would mean an immediate resolution in some circumstances reducing time wasted especially when contacting the I.T service desk. Secondly I would look at replacing or updating existing hardware and stocking replacement items. Although in the CBA the benefits out way the costs 8 to 6 the benefits are expensive. Stocking replacement items such as batteries and chargers is almost an essential although each battery is in excess of  £90 and each charger up to  £60. I believe it would be reasonable to only stock a couple of each at a time. This would enable any of the more easily replaceable faulty items identified to be replaced immediately without further delays. The more complex laptop faults would still need to be  directed to the I.T service desk. These will take longer to resolve and would involve input from an I.T engineer. I can see from appendix c that some faults are still ongoing from before October 2014 when the information in the spreadsheet was collated. Finally in resolving this problem I would look at replacing or updating existing software programmes. The CBA shows the benefits are equal to the costs. The reason I have put this last is mainly because the decision surrounding the purchase of software is made at a much higher management level. Because of this I have no influence over its capability nor do I have the power or expertise to recommend an alternative. Although issues regarding problems or faults within a software programme are encouraged to be reported it is much more likely that the programme will not be replaced for some time owing to contracts and fixes are only possible if the supplier is able to do so. We can log all software/WiFi problems to the I.T service desk. I believe these calls are then passed to the systems support team for resolving either themselves or via an external source. Software programmes are costly and, I believe, often purchased with a minimum contract term making them the most difficult and expensive thing to replace or update when looking at resolving my problem. Recommend implementation plan to solve the problem The following is a table of events detailing what needs to be done. It plans how decisions will be communicated, by whom and by when. This helps to identify the order in which steps need to be taken to resolve issues and time frames to ensure efficiency. What has to be done? Who is responsible and/or involved? How will this be communicated? When should it be done? What is needed? Monitoring/review Discuss the requirements of the phlebotomy service with I.T and explain the importance of rapid resolutions. Head phlebotomist, Phlebotomy manager, I.T helpdesk manager, service engineers Head phlebotomist to arrange and chair a meeting with I.T with clear expectations of what is required. By the 18th November 2014. All involved to attend the meeting. Minutes to be taken.  Head phlebotomist to arrange a follow up meeting 1 month later to review if expectations have been acknowledged and in progress. Order a minimum of 2 of each laptop and printer batteries and chargers for stock. Head phlebotomist to get authorisation and budget code from Phlebotomy manager Head phlebotomist to email I.T with relevant information. Today Budget code for funding. Approximately  £420.00 Head phlebotomist to email I.T on 18.11.14 if these items have not arrived and confirm delivery date. Delivery expected by 30.11.14 Discuss ongoing issues and communicate outcome of I.T meeting to the phlebotomy team. Head phlebotomist, Phlebotomists and Phlebotomy manager Head phlebotomist to arrange and chair a department meeting. Immediately after the I.T meeting has been completed. End of a morning shift 11.30am All phlebotomists working that day to be present. Minutes to be taken. Overtime may need to be paid if meeting goes beyond contracted hours at 12pm Deputy head phlebotomists to check that the minutes have been signed off by all phlebotomists within 1 week of the department meeting. All ongoing issues to continue to be logged. Phlebotomists Questionnaires (appendix B) to be completed daily Daily Deputy head phlebotomist to maintain a good supply of questionnaires. Time within shift to complete them. Head phlebotomist to review these daily and report to I.T service desk immediately if unable to resolve. All problems identified to be logged by Head even if resolved. Phlebotomists, Head phlebotomist, I.T engineers I.T service desk form on intranet to be completed by Head phlebotomist or telephone I.T service desk if urgent. As and when issues occur Time. If resolved by Head phlebotomist then explanation/training given to phlebotomist to show how. If resolved by engineer then explanation of how to see if Head could resolve in future. Daily conversation and email between phlebotomist, Head phlebotomist and engineer to ensure problem permanently resolved or in the process of being resolved. Regular monthly training with phlebotomists on how to look after equipment and easy steps on identifying and possibly resolving reasonably simple issues. Head phlebotomist, phlebotomists, I.T engineers Head phlebotomist to arrange and chair a team meeting to discuss requirements and identify any one to one training. 3rd Wednesday morning of each month before start of shift at 7.50am. Time to complete the meeting and any training required. Head and deputy head phlebotomist to be competent and confident in I.T to answer questions and assist with training. Head and deputy head phlebotomists to liaise with any team member that had questions or needed training within 2 days of the meeting to ensure phlebotomist is now confident and understands how to resolve some issues. Regular feedback to relevant areas regarding outcome of each stage above Phlebotomists, Head, phlebotomy manager, I.T engineers, systems engineers, project managers Head phlebotomist to email phlebotomy manager, I.T and systems engineers with clear concerns or positives. 5.3.15, 5.7.15, 5.11.15 (quarterly) or more often if problems persist. Time to construct the email. Contact details for each person. Relevant constructive feedback including any positive information. Head to ensure email has been received by requesting read receipt and that any actions required from previous quarterly email have been completed or in progress. Any new actions must also be acknowledged. I have also transferred the above information on to a Gantt chart to help monitor and review my implementation plan. This is because the relation of task to time is more immediately obvious and very simple to follow. There are ways in which this can be reviewed using the CPA (Critical care path analysis) or PERT (Program evaluation and review technique). The benefit of using CPA within the planning process is to help you develop and test your plan to ensure that it is robust. CPA formally identifies tasks  which must be completed on time for the whole project to be completed on time. It also identifies which tasks can be delayed if resource needs to be reallocated to catch up on missed or overrunning tasks. PERT is a variation on Critical Path Analysis that takes a slightly more realistic view of time estimates made for each project stage. Often tasks are given unreasonable time frames and this option allows flexibility (Mindtools, 2014). Monitoring and review techniques that are appropriate for my problem include meetings and questionnaires. Team meetings held monthly within the phlebotomy department wll ensure that each member of staff remains confident and competent in their role to assist in resolving the problems that we all experience. Staff will be able to ask questions regarding their concerns and abilities and the head and deputy phlebotomists will be able to identify specific needs that they can help to build up. It should be easy to identify phlebotomists who are struggling with their problems if they are experiencing the same issues regularly however with monthly support these should decrease. Department meetings held with the I.T service desk and engineers every quarter will ensure they are aware of the significance of the problem and the need for it to be resolved as efficiently as possible. I.T will be made aware of the impact of the problem if there are delays in resolving the problem for example ultimately the delay in patient diagnosis, treatment or discharge home. I.T will also have the opportunity to advise if the amount of calls made to them by phlebotomists has reduced. They will be able to explain the progress in resolving a problem and why there may be delays or recurrences. They can also advise of expected dates and times of resolutions. Questionnaires (appendix B) completed daily detailing problems would also be a good way of monitoring and reviewing the problem. I would envisage in 2 months the problems detailed on the questionnaires should become less frequent and severe realistically reducing to problems only fixable by I.T engineers. Phlebotomists will be able to explain what has happened, if they have tried to resolve it using techniques they have gained in their training and reasons why they may have or have not worked.